sqlite: add migrations support and introduce primary key

Add the ability to migrate our db in the upwards direction.
Use the facility to add primary keys to our messages table.
This should allow work like jumping to messages and the likes.

This also introduces the framework for rollback, without actually
hooking it up.
This should be easy enough to do when the need arises.

server/plugins/messageStorage/sqlite.ts

@@ -23,14 +23,74 @@ try {
 	);
 }
 
-const currentSchemaVersion = 1520239200;
+type Migration = {version: number; stmts: string[]};
+type Rollback = {version: number; rollback_forbidden?: boolean; stmts: string[]};
 
+export const currentSchemaVersion = 1679743888000; // use `new Date().getTime()`
+
+// Desired schema, adapt to the newest version and add migrations to the array below
 const schema = [
-	// Schema version #1
+	"CREATE TABLE options (name TEXT, value TEXT, CONSTRAINT name_unique UNIQUE (name))",
-	"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS options (name TEXT, value TEXT, CONSTRAINT name_unique UNIQUE (name))",
+	"CREATE TABLE messages (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, network TEXT, channel TEXT, time INTEGER, type TEXT, msg TEXT)",
-	"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS messages (network TEXT, channel TEXT, time INTEGER, type TEXT, msg TEXT)",
+	`CREATE TABLE migrations (
-	"CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS network_channel ON messages (network, channel)",
+		id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
-	"CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS time ON messages (time)",
+		version INTEGER NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+		rollback_forbidden INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL
+	)`,
+	`CREATE TABLE rollback_steps (
+		id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+		migration_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES migrations ON DELETE CASCADE,
+		step INTEGER NOT NULL,
+		statement TEXT NOT NULL
+	)`,
+	"CREATE INDEX network_channel ON messages (network, channel)",
+	"CREATE INDEX time ON messages (time)",
+];
+
+// the migrations will be executed in an exclusive transaction as a whole
+// add new migrations to the end, with the version being the new 'currentSchemaVersion'
+// write a corresponding down migration into rollbacks
+export const migrations: Migration[] = [
+	{
+		version: 1672236339873,
+		stmts: [
+			"CREATE TABLE messages_new (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, network TEXT, channel TEXT, time INTEGER, type TEXT, msg TEXT)",
+			"INSERT INTO messages_new(network, channel, time, type, msg) select network, channel, time, type, msg from messages order by time asc",
+			"DROP TABLE messages",
+			"ALTER TABLE messages_new RENAME TO messages",
+			"CREATE INDEX network_channel ON messages (network, channel)",
+			"CREATE INDEX time ON messages (time)",
+		],
+	},
+	{
+		version: 1679743888000,
+		stmts: [
+			`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS migrations (
+				id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+				version INTEGER NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+				rollback_forbidden INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL
+			)`,
+			`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS rollback_steps (
+				id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+				migration_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES migrations ON DELETE CASCADE,
+				step INTEGER NOT NULL,
+				statement TEXT NOT NULL
+			)`,
+		],
+	},
+];
+
+// down migrations need to restore the state of the prior version.
+// rollback can be disallowed by adding rollback_forbidden: true to it
+export const rollbacks: Rollback[] = [
+	{
+		version: 1672236339873,
+		stmts: [], // changes aren't visible, left empty on purpose
+	},
+	{
+		version: 1679743888000,
+		stmts: [], // here we can't drop the tables, as we use them in the code, so just leave those in
+	},
 ];
 
 class Deferred {
@@ -71,6 +131,7 @@ class SqliteMessageStorage implements SearchableMessageStorage {
 		this.database = new sqlite3.Database(sqlitePath);
 
 		try {
+			await this.run_pragmas(); // must be done outside of a transaction
 			await this.run_migrations();
 		} catch (e) {
 			this.isEnabled = false;
@@ -86,41 +147,89 @@ class SqliteMessageStorage implements SearchableMessageStorage {
 		}
 	}
 
-	async run_migrations() {
+	async setup_new_db() {
 		for (const stmt of schema) {
 			await this.serialize_run(stmt, []);
 		}
 
+		await this.serialize_run("INSERT INTO options (name, value) VALUES ('schema_version', ?)", [
+			currentSchemaVersion.toString(),
+		]);
+	}
+
+	async current_version(): Promise<number> {
+		const have_options = await this.serialize_get(
+			"select 1 from sqlite_master where type = 'table' and name = 'options'"
+		);
+
+		if (!have_options) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+
 		const version = await this.serialize_get(
 			"SELECT value FROM options WHERE name = 'schema_version'"
 		);
 
 		if (version === undefined) {
-			// new table
+			// technically shouldn't happen, means something created a schema but didn't populate it
-			await this.serialize_run(
+			// we'll try our best to recover
-				"INSERT INTO options (name, value) VALUES ('schema_version', ?)",
+			return 0;
-				[currentSchemaVersion]
-			);
-			return;
 		}
 
 		const storedSchemaVersion = parseInt(version.value, 10);
+		return storedSchemaVersion;
+	}
 
-		if (storedSchemaVersion === currentSchemaVersion) {
+	async update_version_in_db() {
-			return;
+		return this.serialize_run("UPDATE options SET value = ? WHERE name = 'schema_version'", [
-		}
+			currentSchemaVersion.toString(),
-
+		]);
-		if (storedSchemaVersion > currentSchemaVersion) {
+	}
-			throw `sqlite messages schema version is higher than expected (${storedSchemaVersion} > ${currentSchemaVersion}). Is The Lounge out of date?`;
-		}
 
+	async _run_migrations(dbVersion: number) {
 		log.info(
-			`sqlite messages schema version is out of date (${storedSchemaVersion} < ${currentSchemaVersion}). Running migrations if any.`
+			`sqlite messages schema version is out of date (${dbVersion} < ${currentSchemaVersion}). Running migrations.`
 		);
 
-		await this.serialize_run("UPDATE options SET value = ? WHERE name = 'schema_version'", [
+		const to_execute = necessaryMigrations(dbVersion);
-			currentSchemaVersion,
+
-		]);
+		for (const stmt of to_execute.map((m) => m.stmts).flat()) {
+			await this.serialize_run(stmt, []);
+		}
+
+		await this.update_version_in_db();
+	}
+
+	async run_pragmas() {
+		await this.serialize_run("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;", []);
+	}
+
+	async run_migrations() {
+		const version = await this.current_version();
+
+		if (version > currentSchemaVersion) {
+			throw `sqlite messages schema version is higher than expected (${version} > ${currentSchemaVersion}). Is The Lounge out of date?`;
+		} else if (version === currentSchemaVersion) {
+			return; // nothing to do
+		}
+
+		await this.serialize_run("BEGIN EXCLUSIVE TRANSACTION", []);
+
+		try {
+			if (version === 0) {
+				await this.setup_new_db();
+			} else {
+				await this._run_migrations(version);
+			}
+
+			await this.insert_rollback_since(version);
+		} catch (err) {
+			await this.serialize_run("ROLLBACK", []);
+			throw err;
+		}
+
+		await this.serialize_run("COMMIT", []);
+		await this.serialize_run("VACUUM", []);
 	}
 
 	async close() {
@@ -142,6 +251,116 @@ class SqliteMessageStorage implements SearchableMessageStorage {
 		});
 	}
 
+	async fetch_rollbacks(since_version: number) {
+		const res = await this.serialize_fetchall(
+			`select version, rollback_forbidden, statement
+			from rollback_steps
+			join migrations on migrations.id=rollback_steps.migration_id
+			where version > ?
+			order by version desc, step asc`,
+			since_version
+		);
+		const result: Rollback[] = [];
+
+		// convert to Rollback[]
+		// requires ordering in the sql statement
+		for (const raw of res) {
+			const last = result.at(-1);
+
+			if (!last || raw.version !== last.version) {
+				result.push({
+					version: raw.version,
+					rollback_forbidden: Boolean(raw.rollback_forbidden),
+					stmts: [raw.statement],
+				});
+			} else {
+				last.stmts.push(raw.statment);
+			}
+		}
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	async delete_migrations_older_than(version: number) {
+		return this.serialize_run("delete from migrations where migrations.version > ?", [version]);
+	}
+
+	async _downgrade_to(version: number) {
+		const _rollbacks = await this.fetch_rollbacks(version);
+
+		if (_rollbacks.length === 0) {
+			return version;
+		}
+
+		const forbidden = _rollbacks.find((item) => item.rollback_forbidden);
+
+		if (forbidden) {
+			throw Error(`can't downgrade past ${forbidden.version}`);
+		}
+
+		for (const rollback of _rollbacks) {
+			for (const stmt of rollback.stmts) {
+				await this.serialize_run(stmt, []);
+			}
+		}
+
+		await this.delete_migrations_older_than(version);
+		await this.update_version_in_db();
+
+		return _rollbacks.at(-1)!.version; // assert valid due to length guard above
+	}
+
+	async downgrade_to(version: number) {
+		if (version <= 0) {
+			throw Error(`${version} is not a valid version to downgrade to`);
+		}
+
+		await this.serialize_run("BEGIN EXCLUSIVE TRANSACTION", []);
+
+		let new_version: number;
+
+		try {
+			new_version = await this._downgrade_to(version);
+		} catch (err) {
+			await this.serialize_run("ROLLBACK", []);
+			throw err;
+		}
+
+		await this.serialize_run("COMMIT", []);
+		return new_version;
+	}
+
+	async downgrade() {
+		const res = await this.downgrade_to(currentSchemaVersion);
+		return res;
+	}
+
+	async insert_rollback_since(version: number) {
+		const missing = newRollbacks(version);
+
+		for (const rollback of missing) {
+			const migration = await this.serialize_get(
+				`insert into migrations
+				(version, rollback_forbidden)
+				values (?, ?)
+				returning id`,
+				rollback.version,
+				rollback.rollback_forbidden || 0
+			);
+
+			for (const stmt of rollback.stmts) {
+				let step = 0;
+				await this.serialize_run(
+					`insert into rollback_steps
+					(migration_id, step, statement)
+					values (?, ?, ?)`,
+					[migration.id, step, stmt]
+				);
+				step++;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	async index(network: Network, channel: Chan, msg: Msg) {
 		await this.initDone.promise;
 
@@ -326,4 +545,12 @@ function parseSearchRowsToMessages(id: number, rows: any[]) {
 	return messages;
 }
 
+export function necessaryMigrations(since: number): Migration[] {
+	return migrations.filter((m) => m.version > since);
+}
+
+export function newRollbacks(since: number): Rollback[] {
+	return rollbacks.filter((r) => r.version > since);
+}
+
 export default SqliteMessageStorage;

test/plugins/sqlite.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,127 @@ import {expect} from "chai";
 import util from "../util";
 import Msg, {MessageType} from "../../server/models/msg";
 import Config from "../../server/config";
-import MessageStorage from "../../server/plugins/messageStorage/sqlite";
+import MessageStorage, {
+	currentSchemaVersion,
+	migrations,
+	necessaryMigrations,
+	rollbacks,
+} from "../../server/plugins/messageStorage/sqlite";
+import sqlite3 from "sqlite3";
+
+const orig_schema = [
+	// Schema version #1
+	// DO NOT CHANGE THIS IN ANY WAY, it's needed to properly test migrations
+	"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS options (name TEXT, value TEXT, CONSTRAINT name_unique UNIQUE (name))",
+	"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS messages (network TEXT, channel TEXT, time INTEGER, type TEXT, msg TEXT)",
+	"CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS network_channel ON messages (network, channel)",
+	"CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS time ON messages (time)",
+];
+
+const v1_schema_version = 1520239200;
+
+const v1_dummy_messages = [
+	{
+		network: "8f650427-79a2-4950-b8af-94088b61b37c",
+		channel: "##linux",
+		time: 1594845354280,
+		type: "message",
+		msg: '{"from":{"mode":"","nick":"rascul"},"text":"db on a flash drive doesn\'t sound very nice though","self":false,"highlight":false,"users":[]}',
+	},
+	{
+		network: "8f650427-79a2-4950-b8af-94088b61b37c",
+		channel: "##linux",
+		time: 1594845357234,
+		type: "message",
+		msg: '{"from":{"mode":"","nick":"GrandPa-G"},"text":"that\'s the point of changing to make sure.","self":false,"highlight":false,"users":[]}',
+	},
+	{
+		network: "8f650427-79a2-4950-b8af-94088b61b37c",
+		channel: "#pleroma-dev",
+		time: 1594845358464,
+		type: "message",
+		msg: '{"from":{"mode":"@","nick":"rinpatch"},"text":"it\'s complicated","self":false,"highlight":false,"users":[]}',
+	},
+];
+
+describe("SQLite migrations", function () {
+	let db: sqlite3.Database;
+
+	function serialize_run(stmt: string, ...params: any[]): Promise<void> {
+		return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+			db.serialize(() => {
+				db.run(stmt, params, (err) => {
+					if (err) {
+						reject(err);
+						return;
+					}
+
+					resolve();
+				});
+			});
+		});
+	}
+
+	before(async function () {
+		db = new sqlite3.Database(":memory:");
+
+		for (const stmt of orig_schema) {
+			await serialize_run(stmt);
+		}
+
+		for (const msg of v1_dummy_messages) {
+			await serialize_run(
+				"INSERT INTO messages(network, channel, time, type, msg) VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
+				msg.network,
+				msg.channel,
+				msg.time,
+				msg.type,
+				msg.msg
+			);
+		}
+	});
+
+	after(function (done) {
+		db.close(done);
+	});
+
+	it("has a down migration for every migration", function () {
+		expect(migrations.length).to.eq(rollbacks.length);
+		expect(migrations.map((m) => m.version)).to.have.ordered.members(
+			rollbacks.map((r) => r.version)
+		);
+	});
+
+	it("has working up-migrations", async function () {
+		const to_execute = necessaryMigrations(v1_schema_version);
+		expect(to_execute.length).to.eq(migrations.length);
+		await serialize_run("BEGIN EXCLUSIVE TRANSACTION");
+
+		for (const stmt of to_execute.map((m) => m.stmts).flat()) {
+			await serialize_run(stmt);
+		}
+
+		await serialize_run("COMMIT TRANSACTION");
+	});
+
+	it("has working down-migrations", async function () {
+		await serialize_run("BEGIN EXCLUSIVE TRANSACTION");
+
+		for (const rollback of rollbacks.reverse()) {
+			if (rollback.rollback_forbidden) {
+				throw Error(
+					"Try to write a down migration, if you really can't, flip this to a break"
+				);
+			}
+
+			for (const stmt of rollback.stmts) {
+				await serialize_run(stmt);
+			}
+		}
+
+		await serialize_run("COMMIT TRANSACTION");
+	});
+});
 
 describe("SQLite Message Storage", function () {
 	// Increase timeout due to unpredictable I/O on CI services
@@ -15,6 +135,36 @@ describe("SQLite Message Storage", function () {
 	const expectedPath = path.join(Config.getHomePath(), "logs", "testUser.sqlite3");
 	let store: MessageStorage;
 
+	function db_get_one(stmt: string, ...params: any[]): Promise<any> {
+		return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+			store.database.serialize(() => {
+				store.database.get(stmt, params, (err, row) => {
+					if (err) {
+						reject(err);
+						return;
+					}
+
+					resolve(row);
+				});
+			});
+		});
+	}
+
+	function db_get_mult(stmt: string, ...params: any[]): Promise<any[]> {
+		return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+			store.database.serialize(() => {
+				store.database.all(stmt, params, (err, rows) => {
+					if (err) {
+						reject(err);
+						return;
+					}
+
+					resolve(rows);
+				});
+			});
+		});
+	}
+
 	before(function (done) {
 		store = new MessageStorage("testUser");
 
@@ -48,42 +198,17 @@ describe("SQLite Message Storage", function () {
 		store.isEnabled = true;
 	});
 
-	it("should create tables", function (done) {
+	it("should insert schema version to options table", async function () {
-		store.database.all(
+		const row = await db_get_one("SELECT value FROM options WHERE name = 'schema_version'");
-			"SELECT name, tbl_name, sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table'",
+		expect(row.value).to.equal(currentSchemaVersion.toString());
-			(err, row) => {
-				expect(err).to.be.null;
-				expect(row).to.deep.equal([
-					{
-						name: "options",
-						tbl_name: "options",
-						sql: "CREATE TABLE options (name TEXT, value TEXT, CONSTRAINT name_unique UNIQUE (name))",
-					},
-					{
-						name: "messages",
-						tbl_name: "messages",
-						sql: "CREATE TABLE messages (network TEXT, channel TEXT, time INTEGER, type TEXT, msg TEXT)",
-					},
-				]);
-
-				done();
-			}
-		);
 	});
 
-	it("should insert schema version to options table", function (done) {
+	it("should insert migrations", async function () {
-		store.database.get(
+		const row = await db_get_one(
-			"SELECT value FROM options WHERE name = 'schema_version'",
+			"SELECT id, version FROM migrations WHERE version = ?",
-			(err, row: {value: string}) => {
+			currentSchemaVersion
-				expect(err).to.be.null;
-
-				// Should be sqlite.currentSchemaVersion,
-				// compared as string because it's returned as such from the database
-				expect(row.value).to.equal("1520239200");
-
-				done();
-			}
 		);
+		expect(row).to.not.be.undefined;
 	});
 
 	it("should store a message", async function () {
@@ -230,6 +355,19 @@ describe("SQLite Message Storage", function () {
 		}
 	});
 
+	it("should be able to downgrade", async function () {
+		for (const rollback of rollbacks.reverse()) {
+			if (rollback.rollback_forbidden) {
+				throw Error(
+					"Try to write a down migration, if you really can't, flip this to a break"
+				);
+			}
+
+			const new_version = await store.downgrade_to(rollback.version);
+			expect(new_version).to.equal(rollback.version);
+		}
+	});
+
 	it("should close database", async function () {
 		await store.close();
 		expect(fs.existsSync(expectedPath)).to.be.true;