diff --git a/src/effects.rs b/src/effects.rs
index 4103bb0..7328c77 100644
--- a/src/effects.rs
+++ b/src/effects.rs
@@ -1,213 +1,238 @@
 use crate::args;
-use photon_rs::{colour_spaces};
-use photon_rs::{channels, conv, effects, filters, monochrome, noise};
-use photon_rs::transform::{resize, SamplingFilter};
+use photon_rs::{colour_spaces, channels, conv, effects, filters, monochrome, noise};
+use photon_rs::transform::{SamplingFilter, resize, crop, rotate, flipv, fliph};
 use photon_rs::PhotonImage;
 
+fn calculate_dimensions(args: &args::Args, image: &PhotonImage) -> (u32, u32) {
+    let original_width = image.get_width() as f32;
+    let original_height = image.get_height() as f32;
+    let original_aspect = original_width / original_height;
+
+    let base_width;
+    let base_height;
+
+    let aspect_ratio = if let Some(aspect) = args.aspect {
+        aspect.0 / aspect.1
+    } else {
+        original_aspect
+    };
+
+    if args.width.is_none() && args.height.is_none() {
+        base_width = original_width;
+        base_height = original_height;
+    } else if args.width.is_none() {
+        let provided_height = args.height.unwrap();
+        base_height = provided_height as f32;
+        base_width = base_height * aspect_ratio;
+    } else if args.height.is_none() {
+        let provided_width = args.width.unwrap();
+        base_width = provided_width as f32;
+        base_height = base_width / aspect_ratio;
+    } else {
+        base_width = args.width.unwrap() as f32;
+        base_height = args.height.unwrap() as f32;
+    }
+
+    let (scaled_width, scaled_height) = if let Some(scale) = args.scale {
+        (base_width * scale.0, base_height * scale.1)
+    } else {
+        (base_width, base_height)
+    };
+
+    // Step 4: Round the scaled dimensions to the nearest integer and ensure a minimum size of 1.
+    let final_width = scaled_width.round().max(1.0) as u32;
+    let final_height = scaled_height.round().max(1.0) as u32;
+
+    (final_width, final_height)
+}
+
 pub fn apply_effects(
     args: &args::Args,
     mut photon_image: PhotonImage,
 ) -> PhotonImage {
+    let (width, height) = calculate_dimensions(args, &photon_image);
+        
+    if args.rotate != 0 {
+        photon_image = rotate(&photon_image, args.rotate as i32);
+    }
 
-    // Resize to width
-    let height =
-        (args.width as f32 / photon_image.get_width() as f32 * photon_image.get_height() as f32) as u32;
+    if args.fliph {
+        fliph(&mut photon_image);
+    }
 
-    let width = match args.qb {
-        true => args.width * 2,
-        _ => args.width,
+    if args.flipv {
+        flipv(&mut photon_image);
+    }
+
+    photon_image = resize(&photon_image, width, height, match args.filter {
+        args::SamplingFilter::Nearest => SamplingFilter::Nearest,
+        args::SamplingFilter::Triangle => SamplingFilter::Triangle,
+        args::SamplingFilter::CatmullRom => SamplingFilter::CatmullRom,
+        args::SamplingFilter::Gaussian => SamplingFilter::Gaussian,
+        args::SamplingFilter::Lanczos3 => SamplingFilter::Lanczos3,
+    });
+
+    type ColourFunc = fn(&mut PhotonImage, &str, f32);
+
+    let colour_func: ColourFunc = match args.colorspace {
+        args::ColourSpace::HSL => colour_spaces::hsl,
+        args::ColourSpace::HSV => colour_spaces::hsv,
+        args::ColourSpace::HSLUV => colour_spaces::hsluv,
+        args::ColourSpace::LCH => colour_spaces::lch,
     };
 
-    photon_image = match args.qb {
-        true => resize(&photon_image, width, height, SamplingFilter::Lanczos3),
-        _ => resize(&mut photon_image, width, height, SamplingFilter::Lanczos3),
-    };
+    if args.dither > 0 {
+        effects::dither(&mut photon_image, args.dither);
+    }
 
-    // Adjust brightness
     match args.brightness {
         x if x > 0.0 => {
-            colour_spaces::hsv(&mut photon_image, "brighten", args.brightness/255.0);
+            colour_func(&mut photon_image, "lighten", args.brightness / 100.0);
         }
         x if x < 0.0 => {
-            colour_spaces::hsv(&mut photon_image, "darken", args.brightness.abs()/255.0);
+            colour_func(&mut photon_image, "darken", args.brightness.abs() / 100.0);
         },
         _ => {}
     }
 
-    // Adjust hue
-    if args.hue > 0.0 {
-        colour_spaces::hsv(&mut photon_image, "shift_hue", args.hue/360.0);
-    }
-
-    // Adjust contrast
-    if args.contrast != 0.0 {
-        effects::adjust_contrast(&mut photon_image, args.contrast);
-    }
-
-    // Adjust saturation
     match args.saturation {
         x if x > 0.0 => {
-            colour_spaces::hsv(&mut photon_image, "saturate", args.saturation/255.0);
+            colour_func(&mut photon_image, "saturate", args.saturation/100.0);
         }
         x if x < 0.0 => {
-            colour_spaces::hsv(&mut photon_image, "desaturate", args.saturation.abs()/255.0);
+            colour_func(&mut photon_image, "desaturate", args.saturation.abs()/100.0);
         }
         _ => {}
     }
 
-    // Adjust gamma
+    if args.contrast != 0.0 {
+        effects::adjust_contrast(&mut photon_image, args.contrast);
+    }
+
+    if args.hue > 0.0 {
+        colour_func(&mut photon_image, "shift_hue", args.hue/360.0);
+    }
+
     if args.gamma != 0.0 {
         let gamma_value = 1.0 - args.gamma/255.0;
         colour_spaces::gamma_correction(&mut photon_image, gamma_value, gamma_value, gamma_value);
     }
 
-    // Adjust dither
-    if args.dither > 0 {
-        effects::dither(&mut photon_image, args.dither);
+    if args.crop.is_some() {
+        let crop_args = args.crop.unwrap();
+        photon_image = crop(&mut photon_image, crop_args.0, crop_args.1, crop_args.2, crop_args.3);
     }
 
-    // Adjust gaussian_blur
     if args.gaussian_blur > 0 {
         conv::gaussian_blur(&mut photon_image, args.gaussian_blur);
     }
 
-    // Adjust pixelize
     if args.pixelize > 0 {
         effects::pixelize(&mut photon_image, args.pixelize);
     }
 
-    // Adjust halftone
     if args.halftone {
         effects::halftone(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust invert
     if args.invert {
         channels::invert(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust sepia
     if args.sepia {
         monochrome::sepia(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust solarize
     if args.solarize {
         effects::solarize(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust normalize
     if args.normalize {
         effects::normalize(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust noise
     if args.noise {
         noise::add_noise_rand(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust sharpen
     if args.sharpen {
         conv::sharpen(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust edge_detection
     if args.edge_detection {
+        
         conv::edge_detection(&mut photon_image);
     }
-
-    // Adjust emboss
     if args.emboss {
         conv::emboss(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust frosted_glass
     if args.frosted_glass {
         effects::frosted_glass(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust box_blur
     if args.box_blur {
         conv::box_blur(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust grayscale
     if args.grayscale {
         monochrome::grayscale(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust identity
     if args.identity {
         conv::identity(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust laplace
     if args.laplace {
         conv::laplace(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust cali
     if args.cali {
         filters::cali(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust dramatic
     if args.dramatic {
         filters::dramatic(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust firenze
     if args.firenze {
         filters::firenze(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust golden
     if args.golden {
         filters::golden(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust lix
     if args.lix {
         filters::lix(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust lofi
     if args.lofi {
         filters::lofi(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust neue
     if args.neue {
         filters::neue(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust obsidian
     if args.obsidian {
         filters::obsidian(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust pastel_pink
     if args.pastel_pink {
         filters::pastel_pink(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust ryo
     if args.ryo {
         filters::ryo(&mut photon_image);
     }
 
-    // Adjust oil
     match &args.oil {
         Some(oil) => {
-            // split oil at comma
             let vals: Vec<&str> = oil.split(",").collect();
-
-            // check if args.oil has 2 values
             if vals.len() == 2 {
-                // convert oil values to i32 and f64
                 let radius: i32 = vals.get(0).unwrap().parse::<i32>().unwrap();
                 let intensity: f64 = vals.get(1).unwrap().parse::<f64>().unwrap();
-
                 effects::oil(&mut photon_image, radius, intensity);
             }
         }
@@ -216,3 +241,64 @@ pub fn apply_effects(
 
     photon_image
 }
+
+pub fn apply_luma_effects(args: &args::Args, mut photon_image: PhotonImage) -> PhotonImage {
+    let (width, height) = calculate_dimensions(args, &photon_image);
+
+    if args.rotate != 0 {
+        photon_image = rotate(&photon_image, args.rotate);
+    }
+
+    if args.fliph {
+        fliph(&mut photon_image);
+    }
+
+    if args.flipv {
+        flipv(&mut photon_image);
+    }
+
+    photon_image = resize(&photon_image, width, height, match args.filter {
+        args::SamplingFilter::Nearest => SamplingFilter::Nearest,
+        args::SamplingFilter::Triangle => SamplingFilter::Triangle,
+        args::SamplingFilter::CatmullRom => SamplingFilter::CatmullRom,
+        args::SamplingFilter::Gaussian => SamplingFilter::Gaussian,
+        args::SamplingFilter::Lanczos3 => SamplingFilter::Lanczos3,
+    });
+
+    type ColourFunc = fn(&mut PhotonImage, &str, f32);
+
+    let colour_func: ColourFunc = match args.colorspace {
+        args::ColourSpace::HSL => colour_spaces::hsl,
+        args::ColourSpace::HSV => colour_spaces::hsv,
+        args::ColourSpace::HSLUV => colour_spaces::hsluv,
+        args::ColourSpace::LCH => colour_spaces::lch,
+    };
+
+
+    if args.luma_invert {
+        channels::invert(&mut photon_image);
+    }
+
+    if args.luma_contrast != 0.0 {
+        effects::adjust_contrast(&mut photon_image, args.luma_contrast);
+    }
+
+    if args.luma_gamma != 0.0 {
+        let gamma_value = 1.0 - args.luma_gamma/255.0;
+        colour_spaces::gamma_correction(&mut photon_image, gamma_value, gamma_value, gamma_value);
+    }
+
+    if args.luma_brightness > 0.0 {
+        colour_func(&mut photon_image, "lighten", args.luma_brightness/100.0);
+    } else if args.luma_brightness < 0.0 {
+        colour_func(&mut photon_image, "darken", args.luma_brightness.abs()/100.0);
+    }
+
+    if args.luma_saturation < 0.0 {
+        colour_func(&mut photon_image, "saturate", args.luma_saturation.abs()/100.0);
+    } else if args.luma_saturation > 0.0 {
+        colour_func(&mut photon_image, "desaturate", args.luma_saturation/100.0);
+    }
+
+    photon_image
+}